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减速机是一种相对精密的机械，使用它的目的是降低转速，增加转矩。它的种类繁多，型号各异，不同种类有不同的用途。减速器的种类繁多：
The reducer is a relatively precise machine, the purpose of which is to reduce the speed and increase the torque. It has a wide variety of types and different types, and different types have different uses. There are many kinds of retarder:
按照传动类型可分为齿轮减速器、蜗杆减速器和行星齿轮减速器
According to the type of transmission, it can be divided into gear reducer, worm reducer and planetary gear reducer
按照传动级数不同可分为单级和多级减速器
Can be divided into single and multistage decelerator according to the difference of transmission series
按照齿轮形状可分为圆柱齿轮减速器、圆锥齿轮减速器和圆锥－圆柱齿轮减速器
According to the shape of the gear, it can be divided into cylindrical gear reducer, bevel gear reducer and conical gear reducer
按照传动的布置形式又可分为展开式、分流式和同轴式减速器
According to the arrangement of transmission, it can be divided into unfolding, shunting and coaxial decelerator
今天我们就来分析一下常见的几种减速机的区别。
Today we are going to analyze the differences in several common reducer.
一、转向箱
One, steering box
转向箱又名换向器、转向器，是一种动力传达机构，是减速机中的一个系列，在工业领域有很广泛的应用。
Steering box, also known as commutator, steering gear, is a kind of power transmission mechanism, is a series of reducer, in the industrial field has a very wide range of applications.
转向箱有单轴、双横轴、单纵轴，双纵轴可选。速比1:1、1.5:1、2:1、2.5:1、3:1、4:1、5:1全部为实际传动比。转向箱可以正反运转，低速或高速传动平稳。转向箱当速比不是1:1时，横轴输入、纵轴输出为减速，纵轴输入、横轴输出为增速。
The steering box has a single axis, a double axis, a single longitudinal axis, and a double longitudinal axis. The speed ratio 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 are all actual transmission ratios. The steering box can run positive and negative, low speed or high speed drive smoothly. When the speed ratio of the steering box is not 1:1, the input of the horizontal axis and the output of the longitudinal axis are decelerated, and the input of the longitudinal axis and the output of the transverse axis are accelerated.
机壳：高刚性FC-25铸铁铸造；
Shell: high rigidity FC-25 cast iron casting;
齿轮：齿轮采用优质高纯净度合金刚20CrMnTiH渗碳淬火，及研磨而成；
Gear: the gear is carburized and quenched with high quality, high purity and pure 20CrMnTiH, and it is made from grinding.
主轴：轴类采用合金刚调质、高悬重负荷能力；
Main shaft: the shaft type adopts the combination of golden rigidity, high load and heavy load.
轴承：配备重负荷能力的滚锥轴承；
Bearing: a rolling cone bearing with heavy load capacity;
油封：双封唇片的油封、兼具防尘及防漏油的能力；
Oil seal: double sealing lip oil seal, both dustproof and leakproof oil.
润滑：适当的润滑油使用，可以发挥转向箱的效率，并提高其运转的寿命。
Lubrication: the proper use of lubricating oil can give full play to the efficiency of the steering box and improve its operating life.
二、行星减速机
Two, planetary reducer
在减速机家族中，行星减速机以其体积小，传动效率高，减速范围广，精度高等诸多优点，而被广泛应用于伺服、步进、直流等传动系统中。其作用就是在保证精密传动的前提下，主要被用来降低转速增大扭矩和降低负载/电机的转动惯量比。当电机和减速机间装配时同心度保证的非常好时，电机输出轴承受的仅仅是转动力，运转时也会很平滑。
In reducer family, planetary reducer is widely used in servo, step and DC transmission systems because of its many advantages such as small volume, high transmission efficiency, wide range of deceleration and high accuracy. Its function is to reduce the torque and reduce the rotational inertia ratio of the load / motor under the premise of ensuring the precision transmission. When the concentricity guarantee is very good when the motor and the reducer is assembled, the output shaft of the motor is only the rotating force, and the operation will be smooth.
然而不同心时，输出轴要承受来自于减速机输入端的径向力，这个径向力长期作用将会使电机输出轴被迫弯曲，而且弯曲的方向随着输出轴转动不断变化。输出轴每转动一周，横向力的方向变化360度。如果同心度的误差较大时，该径向力使电机输出轴温度升高，其金属结构不断被破坏，最后该径向力将会超出电机输出轴所能承受的径向力，最后导致驱动电机输出轴折断。当同心度的误差越大时，驱动电机输出轴折断的时间越短。
However, when the concentricity is different, the output shaft must bear the radial force from the input side of the reducer. The radial force will cause the output shaft of the motor to be bent for a long time, and the direction of the bending will change along with the rotation of the output shaft. For each rotation of the output axis, the direction of the lateral force changes 360 degrees. If the error of concentricity is large, the radial force will increase the output shaft temperature of the motor, and the metal structure will be destroyed. Finally, the radial force will exceed the radial force that the output shaft of the motor can bear, and finally lead to the breaking of the output shaft of the driving motor. When the error of concentricity is greater, the shorter the time of the drive motor output shaft is broken.
在驱动电机输出轴折断的同时，减速机输入端同样也会承受来自于电机方面的径向力，如果这个径向力同时超出了二者所能承受的最大径向负荷的话，其结果也会导致减速机输入端产生变形甚至断裂。因此，在装配时保证同心度至关重要！
The output shaft of the drive motor is broken at the same time, reducer input will also suffer from motor radial force, if the maximum radial load and the radial force at the same time exceeds two person can bear the words, the results will lead to the reducer input end deformation and rupture. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the concentricity in assembly.
直观上讲，如果电机轴和减速机输入端同心，那么电机和减速机间的配合就会很紧密，它们之间的接触面紧紧相连，而装配时如果不同心，那么它们间的接触面之间就会有间隙。
Intuitively speaking, if the motor shaft and reducer input terminals are concentric, then the coordination between motor and reducer will be very close. The contact surfaces between them will be closely linked. If there is no concentricity in the assembly, there will be gaps between them.
同样，减速机的输出轴也有折断或弯曲现象发生，其原因与驱动电机的断轴原因相同。但减速机的出力是驱动电机出力和减速比之积，相对于电机来讲出力更大，故减速机输出轴更易被折断。因此，用户在使用减速机时，对其输出端装配同心度的保证也应十分注意！除了由于减速机输出端装配同心度不好，而造成的减速机断轴以外，减速机的输出轴如果折断，不外乎以下几点原因。
In the same way, the output shaft of the reducer also has broken or bending phenomenon, which is the same as that of the driving motor. But the output of the reducer is the product of driving motor output and deceleration ratio. The output shaft of the reducer is more easily broken than the motor, so the output shaft of the reducer is more easily broken. Therefore, when the user is using the reducer, the assurance of concentricity on its output end should also be paid great attention to. In addition to the broken shaft of the reducer caused by poor concentricity of the reducer output, the output shaft of the reducer is broken off, which is nothing more than the following reasons.
首先，错误的选型致使所配减速机出力不够。有些用户在选型时，误认为只要所选减速机的额定输出扭矩满足工作要求就可以了，其实不然，一是所配电机额定输出扭矩乘上减速比，得到的数值原则上要小于产品样本提供的相近减速机的额定输出扭矩，二是同时还要考虑其驱动电机的过载能力及实际中所需最大工作扭矩。理论上，用户所需最大工作扭矩一定要小于减速机额定输出扭矩的2倍。尤其是有些应用场合必须严格遵守这一准则，这不仅是对减速机里面齿轮的保护，更主要的是避免减速机的输出轴就被扭断。
First of all, the error selection makes the gear reducer not available. Some users in the selection, mistakenly believe that as long as the selected rated output torque of reducer can meet the work requirements, in fact, is the rated output torque of the motor by the reduction ratio, the numerical principle is less than the sample products offer similar reducer rated output torque is two, while also taking into account the drive motor overload capacity and the actual required maximum torque. In theory, the maximum working torque required by the user must be less than 2 times the rated output torque of the reducer. Especially some applications must strictly abide by the rules, this is not only the protection of inside gear reducer, more important is to avoid the output shaft of the reducer is broken.
这主要是因为，如果设备安装有问题，减速机的输出轴及其负载被卡住了，这时驱动电机的过载能力依然会使其不断加大出力，进而，可能使减速机的输出轴承受的力超过其额定输出扭矩的2倍而扭断减速机的输出轴。其次，在加速和减速的过程中，减速机输出轴所承受瞬间的扭矩如果超过了其额定输出扭矩的2倍，并且这种加速和减速又过于频繁，那么最终也会使减速机断轴。
This is mainly because, if the installation problem, the output shaft of the speed reducer and the load is stuck, then drive motor overload ability will still continue to increase the output, then, may make the capacity of the output shaft of the reducer exceeds its rated output torque is 2 times and break the output shaft of the speed reducer. Secondly, during the acceleration and deceleration, if the torque of the reducer output shaft exceeds the rated output torque by 2 times, and this acceleration and deceleration is too frequent, it will finally make the reducer shaft broken.
