齿轮减速机的常见故障

1. 减速机的异常发热
Abnormal fever of 1. reducer

减速机的异常发热是指减速机的轴承部位或壳体部位发热严重，超出了正常的温度范围，比较常见的是轴承部位发热。
The abnormal heating of reducer is a serious fever of the bearing part or shell part of the reducer, which is beyond the normal temperature range. The most common part is the heating of the bearing part.

可能原因：减速机超负载运转，轴承磨损，轴承、齿轮、轴等零件装配不当，电压过高或过低，短时间内启动、停止过多，润滑不好等。
Possible reasons: reducer overload operation, bearing wear, bearing, gear, shaft and other parts improper assembly, high or low voltage, short time to start, stop too much, lubrication is not good.

在轧钢生产中，超负载运转可能会引起多台减速机频繁发生故障，而轴承磨损是最常见的。
In rolling production, overload operation may cause frequent failures of multiple speed reducer, and bearing wear is the most common.

2. 减速机振动和声音异常
Vibration and sound anomaly of 2. reducer

是指减速机的振动和声音明显增大，超出了正常允许范围，或者是有异常的噪音和振动。
It means that the vibration and sound of the reducer are obviously increased, exceeding the normal allowable range, or having abnormal noise and vibration.

可能原因：减速机产生异常振动和噪音的原因很多，主要有：齿轮、轴承损坏，齿轮啮合部位有异物卡住，减速机与电机间同轴度误差较大，装配时齿轮啮合不好，固定不牢、螺栓松动，润滑油不干净有杂质等。
Possible reasons: many reasons, resulting in abnormal vibration and noise reducer are: gear, bearing damage, gear meshing position of a foreign body stuck, a speed reducer and a motor coaxiality error is large, the assembly of gear meshing is not good, is not firmly fixed, loose bolts, lubricating oil is not clean impurities etc..

3. 漏油
3. oil leaking

主要是减速机轴承端盖位置、密封面或壳体结合面等部位有润滑油泄露的情况。
It is mainly the position of the bearing end cover of the reducer, the sealing surface or the joint surface of the shell, which have the leakage of the lubricating oil.

可能原因：密封不好、箱体产生变形，壳体损坏等；也可能是在齿轮传动中，由于摩擦生热，导致油温升高、油液变稀而容易渗漏。
Possible reasons: poor sealing, deformation of the box, damage of the shell, etc., may also be in gear transmission, due to friction heating, resulting in oil temperature rise and oil thinning and easy to leak.

减速机的故障与太多因素有关，任何一个环节出现问题都可能导致减速机故障发生，所以日常维护保养情况、设备故障后的检修质量至关重要。
The failure of reducer is related to too many factors. Any part of the problem may lead to the failure of reducer. Therefore, daily maintenance and quality maintenance after equipment failure is very important.

但同时减速机的维护很难，因为引发减速机故障的因素往往是在减速机的箱体内部，而在生产运行中减速机箱体内部是很难检查的。如何及早发现问题，防止事故扩大化非常重要。
But at the same time, the maintenance of the reducer is very difficult, because the factors that cause the failure of the reducer are usually in the inner part of the gearbox, but in the production and operation, it is difficult to check the inside of the reducer box. It is very important to find out the problem as early as possible and prevent the accident from enlarging.